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Monmouth

Monmouth

Monmouth es una pequeña ciudad en el sureste de Gales, a 3 kilómetros de la frontera con Inglaterra. Es la capital del condado de Monmouthshire, con algo menos de 9.000 habitantes. El río Wye y el río Monnow se reúnen en Monmouth.HistoriaLos romanos construyeron una pequeña fortaleza a la que llamaron Blestium, pero pocas personas vivían en el área después de la caída del Imperio. Con el tiempo la normandos construyeron un castillo con vistas al río Monnow, después de que conquistaron Inglaterra en 1066.La ciudad de Monmouth creció en la Edad Media, con un convento de la iglesia, y un mercado abierto en la calle ahora llamada Monnow Street. Esta calle se desarrolló entre el castillo y un puente fortificado sobre el río, que todavía existe, y es el único de su tipo en Gran Bretaña. El rey Enrique V de Inglaterra nació en Monmouth Castle en 1387, pero el castillo fue derribado en su mayoría después de la Guerra Civil en el siglo XVII.Monmouth era bien conocido en un momento por la producción local de "Monmouth cap" - una especie de sombrero de lana usado ​​por los soldados, marineros y demás. También se hizo famoso a finales del siglo XVIII, cuando personajes tales como el almirante Nelson, y muchos poetas y pintores, fueron a visitar el hermoso valle de Wye, que encuentra en las cercanías. La ciudad también tiene una famosa "escuela pública", la Escuela de Monmouth, que fue fundada en 1615.
Crail

Crail

Crail; ) is a former royal burgh in the East Neuk of Fife, Scotland.HistoryCrail probably dates from at least as far back as the Pictish period, as the place-name includes the Pictish/Brythonic element caer, 'fort', and there is a Dark Age cross-slab preserved in the parish kirk, itself dedicated to the early holy man St. Maelrubha. Crail East Neuk Burgh and became a Royal Burgh in the 12th century. Robert the Bruce granted permission to hold markets on a Sunday, in the Marketgait, where the Mercat Cross now stands in Crail. The decision caused such outrage in religious circles that John Knox delivered a sermon at Crail Parish Church in the Marketgait damning the fishermen of the East Neuk for working on a Sunday. Despite the protests, the markets were a huge success and were amongst the largest in Europe.ArchitectureBuilt around a harbour, it has a particular wealth of vernacular buildings from the 17th to early 19th centuries, many restored by the National Trust for Scotland, and is a favourite subject for artists. The most notable building in the town is the 13th century parish church. Though much altered, this is one of Scotland's most beautiful ancient churches, with a fine western tower with small spire, and a double arcade of round pillars of variegated red sandstone in the nave. The side walls were rebuilt in Regency times, and the large pointed windows, filled with panes of clear glass held by astragals rather than leads, allow light to flood into the interior. The unaisled chancel, now housing a huge organ, has been shortened. The church retains some 17th century woodwork, and there is an early Christian cross-slab of unusual form (perhaps 10th century), formerly set in the floor, on display.
Chipping Norton

Chipping Norton

Chipping Norton is a market town in the Cotswold Hills in the West Oxfordshire district of Oxfordshire, England, about 12 miles (19 km) southwest of Banbury and 18 miles (29 km) northwest of Oxford.History until the 17th centuryThe Rollright Stones, a stone circle 2.5 miles (4 km) north of Chipping Norton, is evidence of prehistoric habitation in the area.The town's name means 'market north town', with "Chipping" (from Old English cēping) meaning 'market'. It is not clear what the original Saxon settlement was north of, but John Blair, Professor of Medieval History and Archaeology at the University of Oxford, suggested in 2000 at a lecture in Chipping Norton Town Hall that Charlbury to the south, now a smaller town, was in the Anglo-Saxon era a more important minster town and that Chipping Norton's "nor-" prefix refers to this geographical and pastoral relationship with Charlbury.Chipping Norton began as a small settlement at the foot of a hill on which stand the motte-and-bailey Chipping Norton Castle. Only the earthworks of the castle remain.
Cupar Angus

Cupar Angus

Coupar Angus is a town in Perth and Kinross, Scotland, situated four miles south of Blairgowrie.The name Coupar Angus serves to differentiate the town from Cupar, Fife. The town was transferred from the county of Angus to Perthshire in 1891, but retained its traditional name.It is located on the A94 Perth-Forfar road, although the town centre itself is now bypassed.SitesCoupar Angus AbbeyIn the Middle Ages it was the site of the major Cistercian abbey of Coupar Angus, one of Scotland's most important monasteries, founded by Malcolm IV (1153–65) in the 1160s. Of the abbey, only architectural fragments, preserved in the 19th century parish church (which is probably on the site of the monastic church), or built into houses and walls throughout the town, survive, along with part of one of its gatehouses.In maps from the 18th century the town is called Coup Inn.HistoryScottish FoldThe Scottish Fold breed of cat originated in Coupar Angus.DuellistWilliam Nairne Clark, one of the two protagonists that fought the last recorded Regulation duel with flintlock pistols in Western Australia, was born in Coupar Angus in 1804. Clark and his opponent, George French Johnson, faced each other in Fremantle, Western Australia, on the morning of Friday 6 June 1832. Johnson was fatally wounded in the hip in the encounter. Clark was subsequently charged with, and acquitted of, Johnson's murder. Clark, who had trained as a lawyer,emigrated to Western Australia on the convict ship 'Eliza' in 1830. He initially practised as a lawyer before founding 'The West Australian Journal' newspaper in 1836.
Otley, West Yorkshire

Otley, West Yorkshire

Otley is a market town and civil parish in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, West Yorkshire, England, by the River Wharfe. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the town has a total resident population of 14,124. It lies in the valley of Wharfedale. The town hosts Wharfedale General Hospital which serves the surrounding area.
West Boldon, Tyne and Wear

West Boldon, Tyne and Wear

The Boldons are a group of three small villages in the North East of England - East Boldon, West Boldon and Boldon Colliery - bordering the north of Sunderland and the south of South Shields and Jarrow. They have a population of 13,271.'Boldun' was first recorded in print in 1170, and evolved from the words "Bold" or "Botl" meaning a building and "dun" meaning a hill.In 1866 work began sinking a pit at the foot of the hill that began producing coal in 1869, and was then known as Boldon New Winning. The village that developed nearby in the 1870s became known as Boldon Colliery. When the mine was deepened and extended in the 1910s, further housing to accommodate the workforce was built to the south of the pit in an area known as Boldon New Town.Until 1974 the area was administered by Boldon Urban District Council in County Durham but since then has been part of the borough of South Tyneside.In 1976, the Boldon Colliery Band appeared in episode 13 of the television series When the Boat Comes In. The mine closed in 1982 but more jobs became available when an Asda supermarket opened in 1987. Further recent developments include Boldon Business Park. Boldon Colliery also has its own multi-screen cinema (currently operated by Cineworld). The main school in the area is Boldon School, a special sports college (formerly Boldon Comprehensive School). There is also a junior school and nursery (West Boldon primary), a playgroup and a hotel.
Repair of Breach in Thames Bank at Dagenham: Coal Duties Act 1713

Repair of Breach in Thames Bank at Dagenham: Coal Duties Act 1713

Dagenham is a large suburb of East London, England, It forms part of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham and is located approximately 11.5 miles (18.5 km) east of Charing Cross and around 9.5 miles (15.2 km) east of the City of London. It was historically an agrarian village and remained mostly undeveloped until 1921 when the London County Council began construction of the large Becontree estate. The population of the area significantly increased during the 20th century, with the parish of Dagenham becoming an urban district in 1926 and a municipal borough in 1938. It has formed part of Greater London since 1965 and is a predominantly residential area, with some areas of declining industrial activity, including the Ford Dagenham plant. The southern part of Dagenham, adjacent to the River Thames, forms part of the London Riverside section of the Thames Gateway redevelopment area.HistoryToponomyDagenham first appeared in a document in a charter of Barking Abbey dating from 666 AD. The name almost certainly originated with a small farmstead, the "ham" or farm of a man called Daecca, as Dæccan hamm in Old English means home of a man called Dæcca.
Moss Bank

Moss Bank

St Helens is a large town in Merseyside, England. It is the largest settlement and administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens with a population of just over 100,000, while the larger metropolitan borough had a population of 176,843 at the time of the 2001 Census. The town was officially incorporated as a municipal borough in 1868 responsible for the administration of the 4 townships consisting of Eccleston, Parr, Sutton and Windle, with the larger responsibility as a county borough established in 1887 (superseded in 1974 by the larger still metropolitan borough).St Helens is situated in the south west of the historic county of Lancashire, in North West England, north of the River Mersey. The town historically lay within the ancient Lancashire division of West Derby known as a "hundred".The local area developed rapidly during the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries into a significant centre for coal mining, and glassmaking. Both prior and during this time it was also home to a cotton and linen industry (notably sail making) that lasted until the mid-19th century as well as salt, lime and alkali pits, copper smelting, and brewing.
Banknock

Banknock

Banknock is a village within the Falkirk council area in Central Scotland. The village is 6.7 miles (10.8 km) west-southwest of Falkirk, 3.9 miles (6.3 km) east-northeast of Kilsyth and 3.0 miles (4.8 km) north-northeast of Cumbernauld.Banknock is located on the Bonny Water, north of the Forth and Clyde canal and west of the A80 road near to the boundary of Falkirk and North Lanarkshire councils. At the time of the 2001 census, Banknock had a population of 2,529 residents.HistoryThere were coal mines along the north side of the valley. Cannerton Pit was one of these mines and its spoil heap, locally called 'the Bing', was a local landmark Before the railway was built, the Banknock mines were linked to the Forth & Clyde Canal by a wagon way which is still traceable today. Banknock once had a railway station on the Kilsyth to Bonnybridge Railway, a line which was built to serve these mines. When these mines closed, a brickworks was set up on the Cannerton site. This busy industrial site was once an important feature but is now disused. Another employer in the village was the foundry which was at the Coneypark end of the village and owned by the Dobson family who lived in what is now the Glenskirlie House Hotel. The Glenskirlie House Hotel has recently added a faux castle turret and it has become a popular venue for weddings.